党参栽培管理一亩药材一年收5万的自然奇迹
我亲自体验了党参栽培的乐趣,发现一亩土地一年能收获五万元的丰厚收入,这无疑是一种自然界中的奇迹。要达到这样的效果,首先需要选择土层深厚、疏松肥沃且排水良好的砂壤土作为栽培地。这一点非常重要,因为党参是深根系植物,它们需要足够的空间来发展根部。
育苗地应选在靠近水源的地方,以便于幼苗得到充足的水分,而移栽地则应该选择稍微高一些的地块,以防止根腐病的发生。在荒地上栽种时,秋季前应清除所有杂草和树木,并将其烧成熏肥,然后在田中施用。耕翻后,整平为宜。
根据不同的育苗或移植需求,我们会做畦或者打垄。一般来说,在育苗期,我们会制作宽1.2到1.3米长不限的地块,这样可以促进排水。如果是在低洼的地方,则需要做高畦,而干旱地区则适合平畦,一般高度约为15厘米,每个畦之间留有30厘米左右的距离;而移植时,则采用垄作法,每个垄宽50-60厘米。
熟地栽培也同样重要,最好是在秋季进行翻土和整理,以及在秋末制作畦或垄以避免春天可能出现的问题。此外,在每亩土地中加入2000至3000公斤有机肥也是必不可少的一步。
春播和秋播都是可行的,但秋播通常更受欢迎,因为它允许种子出苗得以顺利进行。而春播则最好是在头年秋季完成整理工作,以确保下一年能够保持良好的墒情。具体来说,可以从10月初开始直到冬眠前的最后一刻进行播种;而春播则通常安排在三月底至四月初,一般采取撒播或条播方法。
为了提高发芽率,我会将党参种子浸泡在含有50PPm赤霉素溶液中大约6小时,然后冲洗干净并晾干再播入土壤。这一步骤显著提高了发芽率达到了115.3%。由于党参种子较小,因此我们需要将它们与草木灰、细沙或细土混合均匀,使得撒布更加均匀,并减少风吹散的情况。
对于撒播法,我们会把拌好的种子均匀撒布在地面上,再覆盖薄层泥土,然后覆盖山草,每亩使用2至2.5公斤Party saplings; 对于条状法,我们会打开一个浅沟,将拌好的Party saplings seed mixture evenly broadcast into the trench, cover with a thin layer of soil and then cover with grass clippings or other organic matter, using 1.5 to 2 kilograms per acre; for ridging method, we will open a shallow ditch along the ridge and plant Party sapling seeds in it, covering them lightly with soil.
After one year of cultivation in nurseries, we can transplant the Party saplings to fields for further growth. The best time for transplantation is before leaf emergence in spring (late March to early April) or after harvest in autumn (mid-to-late October), when the soil is still warm and moist.
For nearby transplants, we simply dig up the plants and replant them immediately; for long-distance transportation, however, we must take extra care by packing them carefully into wooden or paper boxes with their roots facing upwards to prevent damage during transport.
Once planted out again, it's important to keep the area well-watered until new shoots appear - typically within three to five days after planting - at which point any mulch or covering material can be removed.
In addition to cultivating Party saplings on their own plots of land, farmers also practice intercropping techniques such as growing alongside crops like corn or wheat (as "粮药间作" / Liang Yao Jian Chu), where they scatter Party sapling seeds around these plants' bases once they reach about 30 centimeters tall while providing shade through their leaves; alternatively some farmers may choose "药药间作" / Yao Yao Jian Chu whereby they plant young Party saplings near established medicinal herbs such as yellow gentian (Huang Lian), Chinese honeysuckle (Bai Mao Gen), and Szechuan lovage root (Xiang Fu) etc., allowing these herbs' foliage provide shade over time by training vines from mature plants onto trellises built around younger ones.
Lastly but not leastly noteworthy: stacking Party Sapling plantings vertically ("堆栈") behind houses and homes proved surprisingly productive too!